Despite its name, the Nikon S3 was actually the fourth in Nikon's S series of rangefinder cameras. The S3 can almost be thought of as a variant on the Nikon SP of 1957. The Nikon S3, which was released in March of 1958, took the body of the Nikon SP but simplified the viewfinder. Where the SP had two viewfinders, one used for 28 and 35mm lenses and another finder that had adjustable frame lines for 50, 85, 105 and 135mm lenses, the Nikon SP combined those options into a single viewfinder that had bright lines always visible for three focal lengths: 35, 50 and 105mm lenses.
Apart from the differences in the viewfinder, the Nikon S3 stayed true to the excellence that the SP had demonstrated. Early models of the S3 feature a rubberized silk cloth curtain, known as the whispering shutter, for its quietness. Late models of the S3 were updated with titanium blades, much resembling the later Nikon F that would be inspired by this camera. The rest of the Nikon S3 is also a mechanical marvel. The shutter speeds range from 1 second up to 1/1,000, typical for a camera of this nature. A focusing gear sits at the upper right of the camera and facilitates the focusing of the lens. The smoothness of this mechanism is one of the aspects for which the S3 is still praised today. The S3 uses Nikon's S-mount rangefinder lenses and, while these lenses are not as common as the M39 or Leica M mount, Nikon did produce a wide variety of lenses ranging from 21mm up to a massive 500mm.
The S3 is such a venerated camera that in the year 2000, Nikon faithfully, with great expense and effort, produced a modern replica. Referred to as the S3 Replica, or S3 Year 2000 Model, this modern Nikon S3 matches its 1950s counterpart almost exactly, with only a few very minor changes.
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Nikon S3 Year 2000 Replica
In the early 1990s, Nikon conceived of a project to remake its venerable Nikon S3 camera. By October of 2001, they had completed roughly 8,000 replicas. However, the story of how Nikon achieved this task is quite fascinating and we wanted to share a quick summary...
The dream that would become the S Team at Nikon, began about 1993-94, when employees at Mito Nikon put forth the idea of reaching into Nikon's history and recreating a rangefinder camera. They initially settled on the S3 because it theoretically used simpler mechanisms that would be easier to replicate and because it was one of the later models in the S series. Even still, the S3 had been out of production for nearly 40 years, the original dies and machinery had long since been destroyed and few employees had personal experience building these cameras. Mito Nikon procured the original design drawings from Nikon and set to work. However, an economic downturn over the next year put the project on hold until 1998.
With the revival of the S3 project, the team decided that authenticity was going to take top precedence over every other factor, including cost and labor. It is said that every detail of the original was faithfully preserved, from the appearance of the screws in the outer casing, to the coloring of the letters on the shutter dial, to the grain of the leatherette covering, even the very depth and thickness of the etched lines on the top of the camera. Several times Nikon faced obstacles that could have been circumvented by changing some element of the camera from its original, and each time they persistently stuck to their dedication to making a true to the original S3. One issue they encountered was that various external components had been manufactured by different companies. These pieces arrived at Nikon with slight variations in the coloring of their chrome finish, requiring the parts to be rejected and made over again. Nikon also reported that nearly half of the finished top covers were discarded after flaws that happened in the blasting process. In short, all of these obstacles added up to increasing production costs for Nikon and the project became more and more expensive, but through it all, Nikon stayed true to their commitment to make a replica as near the original as they could.
Before final production could begin, the team of technicians underwent six months of training. The entire camera was assembled by hand and this required a great deal of expertise for the workers on the assembly line. In its initial production run, about one S3 Replica was fully assembled per day, but that eventually sped up as the technicians gained proficiency. At its conclusion, about 15 cameras were being built a day by a team of 30 workers. By October of 2001 Nikon had completed its run of approximately 8,000 cameras (a second run would be done in summer of 2002 of about 2,000 more S3 cameras with an all black finish).
It may be easy to pick up the Nikon S3 Replica and overlook all the effort that went into faithfully producing it; here's to hoping you now remember the incredible effort that this Nikon S3 represents.